<p align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><strong><span style="font-size:18.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><strong style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:宋体">浅析</span><span style="font-family:宋体">GIS用进出线瓷套的伞裙设计</span></strong></span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><strong><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">摘要：</span></span></span></span></strong><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">进出线瓷套是气体绝缘金属封闭开关设备（</span><span style="font-family:宋体">GIS）高电压与地电位绝缘的重要元件，伞裙作为瓷套外绝缘部分，主要用来保护内绝缘免受周围环境因素影响，并提供所需爬电距离。伞裙的尺寸、安装位置等不同会产生大小不同的湿闪络电压，对整个GIS系统的可靠运行意义重大。因此伞裙造型和结构设计等对瓷套的使用寿命极为重要。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><strong><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">关键词：</span></span></span></span></strong><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">GIS；瓷套伞裙；湿闪络电压；爬电距离</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><strong><span style="font-size:15.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'">Analysis of the umbrella skirt design for inlet and outlet porcelain bushing of GIS</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><strong><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Abstract</span><span style="font-family:宋体">：</span></span></span></strong><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'">T</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">he inlet and outlet porcelain bushing is an important component of high voltage and ground potential insulation in gas insulated metal enclosed switchgear</span><span style="font-family:宋体">（</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">GIS</span><span style="font-family:宋体">）</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">. It is mainly used to protect internal insulation from environmental factors and provide the required climbing distance. </span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'">T</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">he size, installation position and so on of the umbrella skirt will produce different sizes of wet flashlight voltage</span><span style="font-family:宋体">，</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">which is of great significance to the reliable operation of the whole GIS system</span><span style="font-family:宋体">。 </span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'">T</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">herefore</span><span style="font-family:宋体">，</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">the shape and structure </span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'">design</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">&nbsp;<span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">of the umbrella skirt are </span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'">extremely</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">&nbsp;<span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">important to the service life of the porcelain bushing</span><span style="font-family:宋体">。</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><strong><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'">Key words</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'">:</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">&nbsp;<span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">GIS</span><span style="font-family:宋体">；</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">umbrella skirt of</span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;porcelain bushing<span style="font-family:宋体">；</span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">wet flashlight voltage</span><span style="font-family:宋体">；</span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'">creepage distance</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><strong><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><strong style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:宋体">引言</span></strong></span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:21.0000pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">进出线瓷套是气体绝缘金属封闭开关设备（</span><span style="font-family:宋体">GIS）高电压与地电位绝缘的重要控件，作为SF6气体与空气的分界面，使高压中心导体由SF6气体绝缘过渡到空气绝缘，将电力线路引出或引入，在架空输电线路中起到重要作用</span></span></span></span>^{<span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-family:宋体">[3]</span></span></span></span></span>}<span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">，在日常运行中需长期经受污秽、高温、低温、覆冰、高海拔、紫外线、雷电、淋雨、地震及台风等特殊运行环境考验。瓷套若由于环境和电负荷条件发生变化导致的各种机电应力而失效，将会损害整条线路的使用和运行寿命，优化瓷套的伞裙参数，提高外绝缘性能，对整个</span><span style="font-family:宋体">GIS系统的可靠运行具有重要意义</span></span></span></span>^{<span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-family:宋体">[2]</span></span></span></span></span>}<span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:21.0000pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">本文研究的</span><span style="font-family:宋体">126kV的GIS进出线瓷套为SF6充气瓷套管，主要由瓷件（伞裙）、上下法兰、水泥胶合剂、防水胶、704硅橡胶等元件组成，具体的结构如图1所示。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <div><img alt="" src="https://www.yihe.cn/upload/4e/6705c6498423902f86e44afe7d5b15.png" style="border:0;max-width:100%;" /></div> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; text-indent:18.0000pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:9.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">1-</span><span style="font-family:宋体">瓷件（伞裙）；</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">2-</span><span style="font-family:宋体">上法兰；</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">3-</span><span style="font-family:宋体">下法兰；</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">4-</span><span style="font-family:宋体">水泥胶合剂；</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">5-</span><span style="font-family:宋体">防水胶；</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">6-704</span><span style="font-family:宋体">硅橡胶</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; text-indent:21.0000pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">图</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">1 &nbsp;126kV GIS</span><span style="font-family:宋体">瓷套结构图</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:21.0000pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">随着电力系统工作电压的提高和输电容量的增加，对瓷套的性能尤其是伞裙的可靠、稳定、有效性等也提出了较高的要求。伞裙作为瓷套的外绝缘部分，是影响闪络电压的主要因素之一，其作用是保护内部结构免受气候影响和电蚀作用，并在雨天时保持瓷套的一部分干燥表面和增加电极间沿瓷表面的泄露距离，以提高湿闪络电压。本文将从淋雨时的闪络路径、湿闪电压计算、湿闪电压影响因素等方面分析</span><span style="font-family:宋体">GIS用进出线套管的伞裙设计，力求合理、科学地把握其设计机理及要领。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><strong><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><strong style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">1 </span><span style="font-family:宋体">淋雨时的闪络路径</span></strong></span></span></span></strong></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:21.0000pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">进出线瓷套用大小不同的伞裙来提高湿闪络电压，垂直安装的进出线瓷套淋雨时，其表面并未全部被雨淋湿，如图</span><span style="font-family:宋体">2所示。伞的上表面被水膜盖着，有较大的电导；伞的下表面和一部分圆柱表面BCD不直接淋雨，只是被溅回的、或由电场吸入的微小水珠所沾湿，湿润程度小，表面电导也小。施加电压时，绝大部分电压由表面BCD承受。当电压升高到一定值时，空气间隙BD击穿或沿瓷表面BCD闪络，全部电压加到AB、DE等上，由于湿表面闪络电压低，若电源容量足够大，放电通道ABD就发展为电弧放电，发生完全闪络。可知进出线瓷套的湿闪络是一种沿着被雨淋湿的表面和空气间隙串联路径的放电。若雨量特别大，伞边缘BE线段大部分被雨水短路，则放电也可能沿BE产生。由此可见，湿闪络电压与瓷套外形尺寸和伞裙形状有密切关系</span></span></span></span>^{<span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-family:宋体">[1]</span></span></span></span></span>}<span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><strong>&nbsp;</strong></span></span></p> <div><img alt="" src="https://www.yihe.cn/upload/db/67be3f1d8f323fd333333793bf6715.png" style="border:0;max-width:100%;" /></div> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; text-indent:21.0000pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">图</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">2 </span><span style="font-family:宋体">瓷套淋雨时的闪络路径</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><strong><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><strong style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">2 </span><span style="font-family:宋体">湿闪络电压的计算</span></strong></span></span></span></strong></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:21.0000pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">湿闪络电压是户外瓷套最重要的性能指标，瓷套在雨天应仍能承受住操作过电压的作用。湿闪络电压是决定户外进出线瓷套外形结构的最主要因素。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:21.0000pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">介质表面完全淋湿时，雨水形成连续的导电层，泄漏电流增加，闪络电压大大降低。标准雨下，被雨淋湿表面的闪络电压仅为干燥状态的</span><span style="font-family:宋体">40%～50%；若雨水电导率增加，则闪络电压还要降低，如图3所示（取雨水电导率0.01S/m时的闪络电压为1）。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:21.0000pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">完全淋湿表面的沿面放电过程与表面脏污时的沿面放电过程不同，淋雨时雨水能更快地将表面局部烘干的间隙重新润湿，恢复连续的导电层，所以泄露电流两次跃变的时间间隔很短，甚至完全连续，没有明显的跃变现象。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <div><img alt="" src="https://www.yihe.cn/upload/83/f9e9e0165f5bf09611d1cd74d5329b.png" style="border:0;max-width:100%;" /></div> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; text-indent:21.0000pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">图</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">3 </span><span style="font-family:宋体">雨水电导率对湿闪电压的影响</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:21.0000pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">垂直安装有伞的进出线瓷套在标准雨（</span><span style="font-family:宋体">20</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:仿宋"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:仿宋">℃</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">时，雨水的体积电阻率为</span><span style="font-family:宋体">100&plusmn;15&Omega;&middot;m，雨滴细小均匀，降雨量为1.0～1.5mm/min，降雨方向与水平面近似为45&deg;）下的工频湿闪络电压（有效值）可用如下经验公式计算：</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:78.7500pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">U=E</span></span></span></span>_{<span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="vertical-align:sub"><span style="font-family:宋体">1</span></span></span></span></span>}<span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">l</span></span></span></span>_{<span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="vertical-align:sub"><span style="font-family:宋体">1</span></span></span></span></span>}<span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">+E</span></span></span></span>_{<span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="vertical-align:sub"><span style="font-family:宋体">2</span></span></span></span></span>}<span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">l</span></span></span></span>_{<span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="vertical-align:sub"><span style="font-family:宋体">2 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span>}<span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family:宋体">kV</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:21.0000pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">式中，</span><span style="font-family:宋体">E</span></span></span></span>_{<span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="vertical-align:sub"><span style="font-family:宋体">1</span></span></span></span></span>}<span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">=淋雨表面的闪络场强（有效值），kV/cm；</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:21.0000pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family:宋体">E</span></span></span></span>_{<span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="vertical-align:sub"><span style="font-family:宋体">2</span></span></span></span></span>}<span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">=空气间隙的闪络场强（有效值），kV/cm；</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:52.5000pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%">l</span></span></span>_{<span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="vertical-align:sub"><span style="font-family:宋体">1</span></span></span></span></span>}<span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">=湿闪路径中的淋雨表面长度，cm；</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:52.5000pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%">l</span></span></span>_{<span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="vertical-align:sub"><span style="font-family:宋体">2</span></span></span></span></span>}<span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">=湿闪路径中的空气间隙部分长度，cm。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:21.0000pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">上式适用的</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%">l</span></span></span>_{<span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="vertical-align:sub"><span style="font-family:宋体">1</span></span></span></span></span>}<span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">、</span> </span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%">l</span></span></span>_{<span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="vertical-align:sub"><span style="font-family:宋体">2</span></span></span></span></span>}<span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">范围为</span><span style="font-family:宋体">7～125cm，</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%">l</span></span></span>_{<span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="vertical-align:sub"><span style="font-family:宋体">2</span></span></span></span></span>}<span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">是指湿闪路径中各空气间隙最短距离之和，例如在图</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%">4</span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">中，</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%">l</span></span></span>_{<span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="vertical-align:sub"><span style="font-family:宋体">2</span></span></span></span></span>}<span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">=BJ+EK+</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">&hellip;</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">，而</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%">l</span></span></span>_{<span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="vertical-align:sub"><span style="font-family:宋体">1</span></span></span></span></span>}<span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">=AB+JE+KH+</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">&hellip;</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">。</span><span style="font-family:宋体">E</span></span></span></span>_{<span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="vertical-align:sub"><span style="font-family:宋体">1</span></span></span></span></span>}<span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">可由图</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%">5</span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">查得，</span><span style="font-family:宋体">E</span></span></span></span>_{<span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="vertical-align:sub"><span style="font-family:宋体">1</span></span></span></span></span>}<span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">（有效值）可取为</span><span style="font-family:宋体">3kV/cm。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; text-indent:21.0000pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></span></p> <div><img alt="" src="https://www.yihe.cn/upload/6d/e1619818fbb8af5574df2edcb0ecf1.png" style="border:0;max-width:100%;" /></div> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; text-indent:21.0000pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">图</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">4 </span><span style="font-family:宋体">湿闪距离计算图</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <div><img alt="" src="https://www.yihe.cn/upload/e7/3f192af28e1b93f5c1faa0b32fef2e.png" style="border:0;max-width:100%;" /></div> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; text-indent:21.0000pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">图</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">5 </span><span style="font-family:宋体">垂直安装瓷套伞裙淋雨表面的</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; text-indent:21.0000pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">闪络场强</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">E</span></span></span></span>_{<span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="vertical-align:sub"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">1</span></span></span></span></span>}<span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">与淋雨长度</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">l</span></span></span></span>_{<span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="vertical-align:sub"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">1</span></span></span></span></span>}<span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">的关系</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; text-indent:21.0000pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">（雨水电导率</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">0.01S/m</span><span style="font-family:宋体">）</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><strong><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><strong style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">3 </span><span style="font-family:宋体">影响湿闪电压的因素</span></strong></span></span></span></strong></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:left; text-indent:21.0000pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">进出线瓷套伞裙的伞宽</span><span style="font-family:宋体">a和伞距t是影响闪络路径中湿表面和空气间隙比值的主要因素，图6给出了模型研究的结果（试品高1m，伞数n）。伞宽a较小时，表面干燥区域小，湿表面比例大，闪络电压低；a增加，湿闪络电压升高，当a＞0.5t时，闪络离开伞表面而在伞边缘空气间隙中发生，湿闪电压不再增加。减小伞距t也能提高湿闪电压，大多数情况下，t的下限取4～5cm，大尺寸的瓷套伞宽大，t也应该大一些。伞形的合理关系a/t=0.5只对大气洁净地区的进出线瓷套适用。运行中瓷套表面会有脏污，要适当增加泄露距离，提高a/t值。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <div><img alt="" src="https://www.yihe.cn/upload/aa/72eb7b0753fe6b55c65901127ea34a.png" style="border:0;max-width:100%;" /></div> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; text-indent:21.0000pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">图</span><span style="font-family:宋体">6 不同伞距时，湿闪电压与伞宽的关系</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; text-indent:21.0000pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">a</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">，</span><span style="font-family:宋体">t值：1-15,6cm；2-8,12cm；3-4,25cm</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:left; text-indent:21.0000pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">一般</span><span style="font-family:宋体">a/t在0.5～1范围内。</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%">a</span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">过大，不会提高湿闪电压，反而增加瓷件重量。合理的瓷套伞形设计应使在伞数和伞宽最小的条件下获得必要的湿闪电压。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:left; text-indent:21.0000pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">伞的倾斜角对进出线瓷套的湿闪电压也有影响。伞盘应向下倾斜，以使雨水能形成水珠下落。伞盘最合适的倾斜角为</span><span style="font-family:宋体">20&deg;～30&deg;，为减少伞裙重量，推荐取下限值。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:21.0000pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">进出线瓷套的安装位置（垂直、水平或倾斜）影响表面淋湿状态，因而对湿闪电压也有影响。垂直安装时，瓷套上部伞边缘流下的雨水局部短路了伞缘的空气间隙，因此闪络电压降低，这在大雨时特别明显。水平安装时，瓷表面全部淋湿，但雨水不会短路伞缘间空气间隙，它的湿闪电压由泄露距离决定。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:21.0000pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">操作和雷电冲击电压下，表面淋雨对闪络电压的影响比工频电压下要小。电压作用时间越短，湿闪电压越接近干闪电压</span></span></span></span>^{<span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-family:宋体">[4]</span></span></span></span></span>}<span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">。当电压作用时间约</span><span style="font-family:宋体">0.01s时，湿闪电压比干闪电压约低10%，雷电冲击电压下湿闪电压与干闪电压的差别更小。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><strong><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><strong style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">4 </span><span style="font-family:宋体">结语</span></strong></span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:21.0000pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">首先确定有损坏可能的绝缘部位以及可能受到的电压，同时根据电压类型、电场分布、材料工艺等条件下的介电强度数据，并考虑一定的裕度后，才可决定进出线瓷套伞裙的的结构尺寸。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:21.0000pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">改善沿面电压分布，提高放电起始电压的方法可以用：加大法兰处伞裙的外径，以增加绝缘厚度，减小比电容（固体介质单位面积对导电杆的电容）；采用介电常数小的介质，如瓷</span><span style="font-family:宋体">-气组合绝缘；在靠近法兰处涂半导体或半导体釉等方式减小表面电阻率等。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:21.0000pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">为了确保设备的可靠运行，设备绝缘在满足电气性能要求的同时，还必须校核其机械性能及热性能等。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><strong><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><strong style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:宋体">参考文献</span></strong></span></span></span></strong></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:28px; text-align:left; text-indent:-21.0000pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">[</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">1</span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">]</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">&nbsp;<span style="font-family:宋体">严璋</span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">,</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">朱德恒</span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">. </span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">高电压绝缘技术</span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">[</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">M</span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">].</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">中国电力出版社</span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">,200</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">2</span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">(</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">3</span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">):</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">120</span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">-</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">125</span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">.</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:left"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">[</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">2</span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">]</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">&nbsp;<span style="font-family:宋体">张锐</span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">,</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">吴光亚</span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">,</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">袁田</span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">. </span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">我国复合绝缘子关键制造技术的发展与展望</span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">[</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">J</span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">].</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">高电压技术</span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">, 200</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">7</span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">(</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">33</span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">):</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">106</span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">-</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">110</span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">.</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:left"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">[</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">3</span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">]</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">&nbsp;<span style="font-family:宋体">余良清，刘铁涛</span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">.</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">&nbsp;<span style="font-family:宋体">高压</span><span style="font-family:宋体">SF6-空气瓷套管绝缘结构设计</span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">.</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">中国电机工程学会高电压专业委员会</span><span style="font-family:宋体">2004年学术会议</span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">,</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">中国电机工程学会，</span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">200</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">4</span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">.</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:left"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">[</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">4</span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">]</span></span>&nbsp;<span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">刘晓明</span>,赵云学,温吉斌. 超高压断路器出线套管电场数值计算与绝缘分析[J].沈阳工业大学学报,2008(1):28-31.</span></span></span></span></span></p>