声表面波测温技术在高压开关柜中的应用
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><strong><span style="font-size:18.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><strong style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:宋体">声表面波</span></strong></span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:18.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="line-height:150%"><strong style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:宋体">测温技术在高压开关</span></strong></span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:18.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><strong style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:宋体">柜</span></strong></span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:18.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="line-height:150%"><strong style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:宋体">中的应用</span></strong></span></span></span></strong></span></span></span></p>
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<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="line-height:150%"><strong style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:宋体">摘要：</span></strong></span></span></span></strong><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">高压</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">开关柜的</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">温度监测点处于高电压、大电流、强磁场的环境中，由于电磁噪声、高压绝缘和空间限制等问题，传统测温方式存在局限性。</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">本文介绍</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">了</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="line-height:150%">SAW<span style="font-family:宋体">传感器的原理，无源无线测温系统的</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">组</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">成。结合高压开关</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">柜</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">运行环境和内部结构，对比分析现有电力系统测温技术的特点，总结无源无线测温技术的优势和应用前景。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="line-height:150%"><strong style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:宋体">关键词：</span></strong></span></span></span></strong><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">声表面波传感器</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">；高压开关</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">柜</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">；</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">无源无线</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">；</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">测温</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">；</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">SAW</span></span></span></span> </span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify" class="p" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background-color:#ffffff"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><strong style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:宋体">引言</span></strong></span></span></strong></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify" class="p" style="text-align:justify; text-indent:24.0000pt"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background-color:#ffffff"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体">随着物联网领域的发展和我国城镇化的推进，智能电网已进入全面建设的重要阶段。坚强智能电网作为中国电网的发展方向，最主要的特征就是信息化和自动化，</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">即</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体">实现电力系统状态信息的精确采集与高效传输。高压开关</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">柜</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体">具有全封闭、空间狭小，裸露高压等特点，</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">为了</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体">有效避免事故发生</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">，通常</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体">监测</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">其</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体">内部触点的温度，</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">来</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体">分析设备运行情况并及时采取措施。在新兴测温技术中，声表面波传感技术</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">逐渐被人们所熟知，其传播速度慢，信号可以完全呈现在晶体表面上，有利于信号的取样和变换。而且声表面波器件抗电磁干扰能力强，高温适应性强，</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体">在电力生产和输电设施向无人值守方向发展过程中，具有广阔应用前景。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="line-height:150%"><strong style="font-weight:bold">1<span style="font-family:宋体">声表面波传感器</span></strong></span></span></span></strong></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><strong style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">1.1 SAW</span><span style="font-family:宋体">传感技术简介</span></strong></span></span></span></strong></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify" class="p" style="text-align:justify; text-indent:24.0000pt"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background-color:#ffffff"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'">Surface Acoustic Wave<span style="font-family:宋体">（声表面波，简称</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">SAW</span><span style="font-family:宋体">）</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">，泛指沿着介质表面或界面传播的各种模式的波，</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体">最早于</span>1885<span style="font-family:宋体">年被英国物理学家瑞丽发现。基于</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">SAW</span><span style="font-family:宋体">的传感技术，综合了声学、电学、光学、压电材料和半导体工艺，具备高精度、低成本、低功耗等特点。</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">它能够实现多种信号的处理功能，时间带宽大，动态范围大，体积小、重量轻、稳定可靠，易于批量生产，填补了集中参数电子元件与微波回路工作频段的空隙。经过数十年的发展，</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">SAW</span><span style="font-family:宋体">传感技术已被广泛的应用在气体传感器、温度传感器、湿度传感器、压力传感器等。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify" class="p" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background-color:#ffffff"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><strong style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">1.2 SAW</span><span style="font-family:宋体">传感器结构</span></strong></span></span></strong></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify" class="p" style="text-align:justify; text-indent:24.0000pt"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background-color:#ffffff"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'">SAW<span style="font-family:宋体">传感器以压电材料为基底，用半导体集成电路工艺，淀积和光刻特定形状和尺寸的金属膜（</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">IDT</span><span style="font-family:宋体">）制成</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">。</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">IDT</span><span style="font-family:宋体">上的电极条交叉配置，利用压电材料的逆压电效应和正压电效应工作。</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'">IDT <span style="font-family:宋体">和反射栅的指宽、叉指间隔决定了 </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">SAW </span><span style="font-family:宋体">传感器件的工作频率、寄生抑制、插入损耗和敏感系数等参数。</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">基底材料决定了</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">SAW</span><span style="font-family:宋体">的均匀性、温度稳定性、传播损耗。半导体工艺的好坏直接影响了</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">SAW</span><span style="font-family:宋体">传感器的品质。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background-color:#ffffff"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"> </span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="justify" class="p" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background-color:#ffffff"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><strong style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">1.2 SAW</span><span style="font-family:宋体">传感器工作原理</span></strong></span></span></strong></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify" class="p" style="text-align:justify; text-indent:24.0000pt"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background-color:#ffffff"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">声表面波</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体">传感器必须配合特殊的读取器使用，因此完整意义上的声表面波无线传感器是一个包括声表面波无线传感器和读取器在内的系统，二者之间通过电磁波进行信息交换。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify" class="p" style="text-align:justify; text-indent:24.0000pt"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background-color:#ffffff"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体">声表面波传感器</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">接收</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体">射频脉冲查询信号（</span>RF<span style="font-family:宋体">），</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">通过</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'">IDT<span style="font-family:宋体">实现声电转换，利用信号中所携带的能量进行工作。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background-color:#ffffff"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体">其工作原理如图</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">3</span><span style="font-family:宋体">、图</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">4</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体">所示：传感器天线接收电信号，经</span> IDT <span style="font-family:宋体">的逆压电效应转换成声表面波，声表面波沿基片传播并被反射栅反射回 </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">IDT</span><span style="font-family:宋体">，再经 </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">IDT </span><span style="font-family:宋体">的压电效应转换成电信号，由天线发射出去。整个工作过程完全是被动的，无需电源提供能量。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="justify" class="p" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background-color:#ffffff"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><strong style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">1.3 SAW</span><span style="font-family:宋体">传感器的分类</span></strong></span></span></strong></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify" class="p" style="text-align:justify; text-indent:24.0000pt"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background-color:#ffffff"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体">根据传感器结构和信号特征的不同，</span>SAW <span style="font-family:宋体">传感器件可以分为延迟线型和谐振型两种，延迟线型 </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">SAW </span><span style="font-family:宋体">器件的反射栅分布在距离 </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">IDT </span><span style="font-family:宋体">不同距离的位置上，不同</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">的位置会使得</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体">声波信号的反射延迟时间不同。反射延迟时间</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">还</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体">会受到环境因</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">素</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体">的影响，依靠检测</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">时间延时</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体">的变化就能够获得环境量的变化，实现温度传感功能。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify" class="p" style="text-align:justify; text-indent:24.0000pt"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background-color:#ffffff"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体">谐振型</span> SAW <span style="font-family:宋体">器件的反射栅密布在</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">IDT</span><span style="font-family:宋体">两侧，声表面波信号构成一个谐振腔，因此其返回信号是一个谐振信号，而谐振频率除了与设计尺寸有关外，也受到环境因素的影响，依靠检测谐振频率的变化就能够获得环境量的变化</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">。由于延迟线型的设计加工难度低，延迟线型使用多于谐振器。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="tab-stops:left 15.6000pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="line-height:150%"><strong style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:宋体">电力</span></strong></span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><strong style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:宋体">设备</span></strong></span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="line-height:150%"><strong style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:宋体">测温技术</span></strong></span></span></span></strong></span></span></span></span></li>
</ol>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><strong style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">2.1</span><span style="font-family:宋体">测温技术简介</span></strong></span></span></span></strong></span></span></span></p>
<ol>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">热敏电阻：利用热敏电阻的温度特性，将由温度变化引起的阻值变化转化为电压值的变化。连续的电压信号为模拟量，经</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">A/D</span><span style="font-family:宋体">转换电路转换成数字量，进行数据上传和显示。电力系统常用的热敏电阻有铜电阻和铂电阻等，电阻探头安装在待测点的触头上，需要线路连接，对设备的绝缘性能会有一定影响。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">半导体：</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="background-color:#ffffff"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-family:宋体">采用</span><span style="font-family:宋体">PN结作为测温元件的无线温度传感器，其原理是PN结的压降随温度的变化而改变，施加恒定</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="background-color:#ffffff"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:#111111"><span style="font-family:宋体">电流</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="background-color:#ffffff"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-family:宋体">，通过输出电压的大小来反映温度。其压降与温度的关系几乎为线性，精度高，但灵敏度相对热敏电阻要低，反应时间比热敏电阻长。半导体元件不易老化，使用寿命较长，可靠性高，采用无线通信方式。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">红外测温：红外传感器采用红外技术的无线温度传感器，测温原理与常见的红外点温枪基本类似，任何高于零度的物体都在发射出辐射能，辐射能的强度与物体温度有着密切关系，传感器探测物体发出的红外辐射，将辐射能转变为电信号，通过校准运算最终得到被测物体表面的温度。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></li>
</ol>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">（</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">4</span><span style="font-family:宋体">）光纤测温：光纤测温的基本原理是将感温光纤紧贴于待测物体上，由光源</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">向</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">光纤中发射一束激光脉冲，光纤中的每一点均向后散射一小部分光</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">。</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:#282828"><span style="letter-spacing:0.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">这种后向反射光的强度与反射点的温度</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="letter-spacing:0.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">相关联</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="letter-spacing:0.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">，</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:#282828"><span style="letter-spacing:0.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">反射点的温度越高，反射光的强度也越大。</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:#282828"><span style="letter-spacing:0.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">后向散射光通过波分复用器</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="letter-spacing:0.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">后，</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:#282828"><span style="letter-spacing:0.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">分别进入到光电检测器和放大器中进行光电转换，信号放大</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="letter-spacing:0.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">至数据</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:#282828"><span style="letter-spacing:0.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">采集</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="letter-spacing:0.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">器</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:#282828"><span style="letter-spacing:0.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">能够采集的范围</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="letter-spacing:0.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">上</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="letter-spacing:0.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">，</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:#282828"><span style="letter-spacing:0.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">由数据采集</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="letter-spacing:0.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">器</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:#282828"><span style="letter-spacing:0.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体">进行存储，用于温度的计算。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">（</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">5</span><span style="font-family:宋体">）集成电路测温：新型集成电路温度传感器可直接输出与热力学温度成比例的电流信号，在输出端串联电阻转换为电压信号，传感器通过感应取电，采用无线通信方式，根据触头壁或母排上感应电流的大小自动调整发送周期。内部硬件上增加了屏蔽罩和保护电路，可降低脉冲和浪涌带来的干扰。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">（</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">6</span><span style="font-family:宋体">）声表面波测温：</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="background-color:#ffffff"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-family:宋体">基于声表面波的无线温度传感器最大的特点就是传感器本身不需要电源；其无线并不是仅仅体现在通讯方式上，同时也体现在测温原理上。测温的原理是，传播在压电基片表面的声表面波，其波长和波速会随基片表面或内部温度的改变而变化。由对应的接收器发出无线激励信号，信号输入传感器的压电基片激起声表面波，不同温度下，传感器输出不同的信号，信号再由接收器接收，经过调解获取温度值。声表面波传感器体积小，不需要电源，传感器成本低是其主要的优势。由于无源，传感器需要接收采集器发出的激励信号，这种激励信号的有效无线传输距离很短；另一方面，由于被测设备的震动产生位移，导致声表面波的相位等发生变化，测温的精度有所下降。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><strong style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">2.2</span><span style="font-family:宋体">测温技术对比分析</span></strong></span></span></span></strong></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify" class="p" style="text-align:justify; text-indent:24.0000pt"><br />
<span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background-color:#ffffff"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">对比</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体">人工、热敏电阻、</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">半导体、</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体">光纤测温、</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">红外测温</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体">、集成电路、声表面波测温</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">的优缺点，</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体">如表</span>1<span style="font-family:宋体">所示。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="justify" class="p" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:9.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体">名称</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="justify" class="p" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:9.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体">优点</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="justify" class="p" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:9.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体">缺点</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="justify" class="p" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:9.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体">热敏电阻</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; padding:0px 7px 0px 7px; vertical-align:top; width:250px">
<p align="justify" class="p" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:9.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">（</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">1</span><span style="font-family:宋体">）灵敏度高；（</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">2</span><span style="font-family:宋体">）</span></span></span><span style="font-size:9.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体">价格便宜</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="justify" class="p" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:9.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体">（</span>1<span style="font-family:宋体">）布线复杂；（</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">2</span><span style="font-family:宋体">）破坏绝缘</span></span></span><span style="font-size:9.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">；（</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">3</span><span style="font-family:宋体">）易老化，寿命短</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="justify" class="p" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:9.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体">半导体</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<li align="justify" class="p" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:9.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体">无线传输；（</span>2<span style="font-family:宋体">）传输距离远</span></span></span></span></span></span></li>
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<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; padding:0px 7px 0px 7px; vertical-align:top; width:270px">
<p align="justify" class="p" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:9.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体">（</span>1<span style="font-family:宋体">）需要电池供电；（</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">2</span><span style="font-family:宋体">）高温易损坏；（</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">3</span><span style="font-family:宋体">）测温不连续</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="justify" class="p" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:9.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">红外测温</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="justify" class="p" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:9.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">（</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">1</span><span style="font-family:宋体">）灵敏度高；（</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">2</span><span style="font-family:宋体">）测温范围远；（</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">3</span><span style="font-family:宋体">）使用寿命长</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="justify" class="p" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:9.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">（</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">1</span><span style="font-family:宋体">）受光照、灰尘等环境影响；（</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">2</span><span style="font-family:宋体">）误差大；</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="justify" class="p" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:9.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体">光纤</span></span></span><span style="font-size:9.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">测温</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="justify" class="p" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:9.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">（</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">1</span><span style="font-family:宋体">）</span></span></span><span style="font-size:9.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体">测温范围广</span></span></span><span style="font-size:9.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">；</span></span></span><span style="font-size:9.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体">（</span>2<span style="font-family:宋体">）</span></span></span><span style="font-size:9.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">精度高；</span></span></span><span style="font-size:9.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体">（</span>3<span style="font-family:宋体">）</span></span></span><span style="font-size:9.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">抗磁场干扰</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="justify" class="p" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:9.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体">（</span>1<span style="font-family:宋体">）</span></span></span><span style="font-size:9.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">安装困难</span></span></span><span style="font-size:9.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体">，布线复杂；（</span>2<span style="font-family:宋体">）易损坏；（</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">3</span><span style="font-family:宋体">）成本高</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="justify" class="p" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:9.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体">集成电路</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<ol>
<li align="justify" class="p" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:9.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体">无线传输；（</span>2<span style="font-family:宋体">）感应取电；（</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">3</span><span style="font-family:宋体">）传输距离远</span></span></span></span></span></span></li>
</ol>
<p align="justify" class="p" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:9.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">（</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">4</span><span style="font-family:宋体">）安装方便</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; padding:0px 7px 0px 7px; vertical-align:top; width:270px">
<p align="justify" class="p" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:9.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体">（</span>1<span style="font-family:宋体">）对被测设备工作电流有范围限制</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="justify" class="p" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:9.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体">声表面波</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; padding:0px 7px 0px 7px; vertical-align:top; width:250px">
<ol>
<li align="justify" class="p" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:9.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体">无线传输；（</span>2<span style="font-family:宋体">）无源，不需要电池，维护周期长；（</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">3</span><span style="font-family:宋体">）测温范围广，可达几百度；（</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">4</span><span style="font-family:宋体">）实时性好，数据连续；（</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">5</span><span style="font-family:宋体">）耐高压，抗干扰性强</span></span></span></span></span></span></li>
</ol>
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<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; padding:0px 7px 0px 7px; vertical-align:top; width:270px">
<p align="justify" class="p" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:9.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体">（</span>1<span style="font-family:宋体">）无线传输距离在十几米以内；</span></span></span><span style="font-size:9.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">（</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">2</span><span style="font-family:宋体">）受设备震动影响</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p style="text-indent:24pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">智能电网</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">要求高压开关</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">柜</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">的</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">测温不能破坏绝缘，</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">要具备</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">维护周期长，实时性高</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">的特点。通过对比分析可以看到，</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">声表面波测温</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">技术</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">不需要电池供</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">电，虽然传输距离不如有源传感器，但十几米的传输距离已经足够，且具备耐高温，抗高电压和强电磁干扰的特点，拥有寿命长，免维护，安全可靠，数据实时等优势，是电力开关设备在线测温的优良选择。</span> </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="line-height:150%"><strong style="font-weight:bold">3<span style="font-family:宋体">声表面波测温系统</span></strong></span></span></span></strong></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><strong style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">3.1</span><span style="font-family:宋体">系统简介</span></strong></span></span></span></strong></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><strong> </strong><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">SAW</span><span style="font-family:宋体">无线温度传感器对温度监测点进行温度测量后，将数据通过无线方式传递给通讯中断，经总线连接，监测计算机从通讯终端采集各监测点的温度数据，在数据库中保存。</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Web</span><span style="font-family:宋体">界面可实时显示温度变化曲线，并进行分析，一旦发现过热或急剧升温事故超过设定报警温度时立即报警。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"> <span style="font-family:宋体">开关柜温度可靠性分析系统主要完成实时数据的采集、判断和处理，将处理结果由通信网络发送带本地监控中心，将分析结果作为设备的检测依据，结合自身的运行环境，形成测温系统运行规范，实现变电站的五人值守管理。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<div><img alt="" src="https://www.yihe.cn/upload/fa/352ff409c83d5745eb9574b5ab68fa.png" style="border:0;max-width:100%;" /></div>
<p style="text-align:justify"> </p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><strong style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">3.2 SAW</span><span style="font-family:宋体">传感器的安装</span></strong></span></span></span></strong></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:24.0000pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">声表面波传感器安装的位置，主要针对开关柜内电气接点，如母排、断路器动</span>/<span style="font-family:宋体">静触头、变压器进出线接点、电缆接头，户外如刀闸、断路器、变压器进出线接点等。检测开关设备因老化、接触不良、电流过载等因素引起温升过高等问题，当温度过高超过预设报警值时能及时报警，并通知运维人员处理，减少设备的损失。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<div><img alt="" src="https://www.yihe.cn/upload/c1/8dddfcacc047701078538b39b928d4.png" style="border:0;max-width:100%;" /></div>
<div><img alt="" src="https://www.yihe.cn/upload/1d/28b9097812b775987e1d22ff1861e6.png" style="border:0;max-width:100%;" /></div>
<p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:24.0000pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">传感器通过螺栓固定在</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">断路器手车的</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">触头上</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">的示例</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">，</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">见图</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">6</span><span style="font-family:宋体">；</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">读取天线安装在开关柜内壁上</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">的示例</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">，见图</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">7</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">。读取天线和读取器采取分离形式，之间通过射频电缆相连。无线传输距离在一般在十米以内，读取器安装在开关柜仪表室的导轨上。对于已投运的变电站加装测温系统，需停电后操作，往往停电时间短，但是测温点很多，安装难度较大。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="line-height:150%"><strong style="font-weight:bold">4</strong></span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><strong style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:宋体">结束语</span></strong></span></span></span></strong></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify" class="p" style="text-align:justify; text-indent:24.0000pt"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background-color:#ffffff"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体">相对于其他在线测温方式，声表面波无线测温</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">方式</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体">不</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">会对</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体">高压</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">电气设备的</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体">绝缘</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">造成影响</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体">，避免</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">了</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体">有线</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">测温</span><span style="font-family:宋体">“爬电”等安全</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体">隐患</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">；</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">SAW</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体">传感器完全无源，不带电池，避免了电池高温爆炸和化学泄露</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">，</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体">使用寿命长；</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">体积小，</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体">积安装方便灵活，不受</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">电气</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体">设备结构和空间影响；测温实时性好，可随时监测设备温度变化</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify" class="p" style="text-align:justify; text-indent:24.0000pt"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background-color:#ffffff"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体">随着半导体工艺的发展，</span>SAW<span style="font-family:宋体">传感器</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">正</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体">逐步改进升级，声表面波测温技术</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">将</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体">在</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">电气设备测</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体">温</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">领域</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">得到应用</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体">。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify" class="p" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background-color:#ffffff"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><strong style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:宋体">参考文献</span></strong></span></span></strong></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify" class="p" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background-color:#ffffff"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'">[1]</span></span> <span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体">李平</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">.</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体">无源无线声表面波传感器及仪器系统研究</span>[D].<span style="font-family:宋体">重庆大学</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">2003</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify" class="p" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background-color:#ffffff"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'">[2]</span></span> <span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体">李天立</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">,</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体">徐刚</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">,</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体">房立存</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">.</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体">无线无源延迟型</span>SAW<span style="font-family:宋体">传感器查询信号研究</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">[J].</span><span style="font-family:宋体">深圳大学学报理工版</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">,</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'">2013</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify" class="p" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background-color:#ffffff"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'">[3]</span></span> <span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体">叶学松</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">,</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体">王学俊</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">,</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体">梁波</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">,</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体">等</span>.<span style="font-family:宋体">植入式无源无线声表面波温度传感检测系统</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">[J]</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">.</span><span style="font-family:宋体">浙江大学学报工学版</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">,2011,45(11):2068-2072</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify" class="p" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background-color:#ffffff"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'">[4]</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"> <span style="font-family:宋体">陈金</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">覃奇</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">彭光妮</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">等</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">.</span><span style="font-family:宋体">声表面波温度传感器在电力系统状态监测中的应用</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">[J].</span><span style="font-family:宋体">电气技术</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">,2011,(12):93-95</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify" class="p" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background-color:#ffffff"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'">[</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">5</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'">]</span></span> <span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体">肖鸣山</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体">宋道仁 编</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">.</span><span style="font-family:宋体">声表面波器件基础</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">[M].</span><span style="font-family:宋体">山东科技技术出版社</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">,</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'">1980</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify" class="p" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background-color:#ffffff"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'">[</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">6</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'">]</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"> <span style="font-family:宋体">游冠军</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'">,</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">胡益华</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'">,</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">陆申龙</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'">,</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">赵天相</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">.</span><span style="font-family:宋体">集成温度传感器</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">AD590</span><span style="font-family:宋体">的电路原理及其在测温和温控中的应用</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'">[</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">J</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'">]</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">.</span><span style="font-family:宋体">复旦大学</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">大学物理实验</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">2000</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify" class="p" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background-color:#ffffff"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'">[</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">7</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'">]</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"> <span style="font-family:宋体">叶鹤林</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'">,</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">陈国锋</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'">,</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">陈霞</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'">,</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">陈琳</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'">,</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">叶国军</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">.</span><span style="font-family:宋体">基于声表面波特性的无源无线测温技术在电力系统的应用研究</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'">[J]</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">.</span><span style="font-family:宋体">电工技术</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">·</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:宋体">理论与研究</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify" class="p" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background-color:#ffffff"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'">[</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">8</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'">]</span></span> <span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体">彭庶修</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体">吴汉水</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">占俐琳</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">.</span><span style="font-family:宋体">半导体</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">PN</span><span style="font-family:宋体">结测温实验的设计</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'">[J]</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">.</span><span style="font-family:宋体">实验技术与管理</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">2007</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify" class="p" style="text-align:justify; text-indent:0.0000pt"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background-color:#ffffff"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"> </span></span></span></span></span></p>
话题讨论
话题讨论1:
SAW测温技术在高压开关柜温度监测中具有显著优势，随着技术进步和成本下降，其应用前景广阔。建议结合实际需求，逐步推广该技术，提升高压开关柜的运行安全性和可靠性。
回复1:
话题讨论2:
建议：关键部位监测： 重点监测断路器触头、母线连接处等易发热部位。 多传感器布置： 根据柜体结构和发热情况，合理布置多个传感器，实现全面监测。 数据融合分析： 结合其他监测数据（如电流、电压），进行综合分析，提升故障诊断准确性。 系统集成： 将SAW测温系统与现有在线监测系统集成，实现统一管理。 标准制定： 推动相关技术标准的制定，规范应用。